Ese kugabanya PM2.5 bishobora kugabanya ubwandu bwa Alzheimer?

PM2.5 yerekeza ku bintu biri mu kirere gifite umurambararo ungana na mikorometero 2.5 cyangwa munsi yacyo, bizwi kandi nka ibintu bito by’udukoko. Umurambararo wabyo uri munsi ya 1/20 cy’ubunini bw’umusatsi w’umuntu, bigatuma utwo duce duto dukomeza kuba mu kirere igihe kirekire.

Inkomoko irimo imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka ku gutwika amakara, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikoreshwa n’ibinyabiziga ikoresha peteroli, ivumbi ryo mu muhanda, ivumbi ry’ubwubatsi, ivumbi ry’inganda, ivumbi ryo mu gikoni, gutwika imyanda, no gutwika ibyatsi, ndetse n’uduce duto twa kabiri twakozwe binyuze mu mikorere y’ibinyabutabire bya dioxyde de sulfur, oxyde de azote, n’ibintu bihumanya ikirere mu kirere.

Urugero, mu mijyi, imodoka nyinshi zisohora imyuka irimo PM2.5; mu turere two mu majyaruguru mu gihe cy'itumba, amashyuza akoresha amakara yo gushyushya hamwe nayo atanga PM2.5 nyinshi.

Bitewe n'uko ari nto, irimo ibintu byinshi byangiza kandi bihumanya, ikaba imara igihe kirekire ituye mu kirere, ndetse n'intera ndende yo kuyitwara, PM2.5 igira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'abantu n'ubwiza bw'umwuka. Ishobora gukora ingendo ndende no kugira ingaruka ku bice binini.

Iyo umuntu ahumeka, PM2.5 yinjira mu gice cy'imitsi, ikabangamira ihindagurika ry'imyuka mu bihaha, kandi igatera indwara nka asima, bronchitis, n'indwara z'umutima n'imitsi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko uduce duto dutera ibyago bikomeye ku buzima; PM2.5 ishobora no kwinjira mu maraso inyuze mu gice cy'imitsi n'imitsi, aho imyuka mibi yangiza n'ibyuma biremereye byangiza ubuzima bw'abantu cyane.

Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryamaze imyaka 18 rikurikirana kandi risesengura inyandiko z’ubuzima z’abaturage miliyoni 27.8 ba Amerika bafite imyaka 65 kuzamura, bahuza amakuru y’ihumana ry’ikirere cyo mu gace bakoresheje kode ya posita kugira ngo basuzume isano iri hagati ya PM2.5 na Alzheimer. Mbere, umuryango w’abahanga muri siyansi muri rusange watekerezaga ko ihumana ry’ikirere rishobora kongera ibyago mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu guteza ingorane nk’umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso cyangwa kwiheba, ariko ubu bushakashatsi bushya buhindura icyo gitekerezo.

Amakuru yanagaragaje ikintu cy'ingenzi cyavuye mu bushakashatsi: abarwayi ba stroke bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara Alzheimer. Abashakashatsi basobanuye ko stroke yangiza urusobe rw'amaraso n'ubwonko, bigatuma byoroha ko uduce twa PM2.5 cyangwa utunyangingo twabyo twinjira mu bwonko kandi bikongera kwangirika kw'imitsi. Uduce duto dushobora kwihutisha impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko binyuze mu kwangiza mu buryo butaziguye ingingo z'ubwonko, bigatera ububyimbirwe bw'umubiri, kandi bigatera kwirundanya kwa poroteyine zitera indwara.

Nubwo ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku isuzuma butashoboye kwemeza neza isano iri hagati y’impamvu kandi ntibwashyizemo amakuru ajyanye n’umwanda uturuka mu nzu cyangwa mu kazi, butanga icyerekezo gishya cy’ubushakashatsi ku ndwara ya Alzheimer. Inzobere mu by’imitekerereze ya muntu Simone Reppermund wo muri Kaminuza ya New South Wales yavuze ko ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza akamaro k’ibidukikije byiza mu rwego rwo kwirinda indwara ya dementia, cyane cyane ku bageze mu za bukuru bamara igihe kinini mu gace batuyemo kandi bahura n’ibyago byinshi byo kugabanuka k’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza.

Ubu, nta muti uhari wa indwara ya Alzheimer. Ubu bushakashatsi buha umuryango w’abahanga ubumenyi burambuye ku bintu bishobora gutera ingaruka zayo, kandi butanga uburyo bushya bwo kwirinda—kunoza ubwiza bw’umwuka bishobora kuba uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara Alzheimer.

Muri iki gihe, sisitemu z'umwuka mwiza zikoresha ubwoko bubiri bw'ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyungurura PM2.5:
1. Kuyungurura ibintu mu buryo bwa Mekaniki: Gukoresha ibyuma biyungurura ibintu mu buryo bunoze kugira ngo bifatire uduce tw’umwuka mu kirere.
2. Imvura ikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi: Gukoresha amashanyarazi akoresha ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo yinjize ibintu bihumanya ikirere.

Ibyiza n'ibibi by'uburyo bwombi:
1. Ibyiza byo kuyungurura ibyuma mu buryo bwa Mekanike:
Ishoramari rike mu ntangiriro, imikorere ihamye, umutekano uri hejuru, no kubungabunga byoroshye (gusimbuza akayunguruzo byoroshye).
2. Ingaruka mbi: Bisaba ikiguzi gihoraho cyo gusimbuza akayunguruzo; imikorere yo kuyungurura iri hasi gato ugereranyije n'ikoranabuhanga rya electrostatic.

1. Ibyiza byo Gusukura Amashanyarazi: Ingaruka nziza zo kuyungurura amazi n'ikiguzi gito cyo kuyabungabunga mu gihe kirekire.
2. Ingaruka mbi: Ishoramari rinini rya mbere, imikorere idahwitse, bitanga ingano nto ya ozone, kandi bifite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe ku mutekano (nubwo ibigo byemewe bigenzura urugero rwa ozone mu mutekano ntarengwa).

Oya. Ubushakashatsi buheruka bwerekana ko PM2.5 yongera ibyago byo kurwara Alzheimer binyuze mu nzira zitaziguye, hatitawe ku bindi bibazo by'ubuzima nka umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso cyangwa kwiheba.

Gutera indwara zo mu bwonko bishobora kwangiza urusobe rw'amaraso n'ubwonko, bigatuma uduce duto twangiza cyangwa ibintu bitera ububabare byinjira mu bwonko byoroshye kandi bikihutisha kwangirika kw'imitsi.

Biterwa n'ibyo ushyira imbere. Imashini ziyungurura zitekanye kandi zoroshye kuzibungabunga ariko bisaba kugura imashini nshya. Sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zifite uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura kandi zigagabanya ikiguzi gihoraho ariko zishobora gukora ozone ntoya.